Smart Unit ConvertersSmart Unit Converters

Data Storage Converter

Convert between bytes, KB, MB, GB, TB, and PB using binary (1024) base.

?What is the Data Storage Converter?

A data-storage converter moves between bytes, kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, terabytes, and petabytes — the units used when buying drives, estimating backup space, or planning cloud storage. This converter uses the binary (1,024-based) scale that operating systems use internally for RAM and files. Disk manufacturers, by contrast, use decimal (1,000-based) scale on the label — which is why a '1 TB' drive shows up in your operating system as about 931 GB. The physical bytes are the same; only the counting convention differs.

The Formula

1 KB = 1,024 B = 2¹⁰ B. Each next tier multiplies by 1,024. 1 MB = 2²⁰ B. 1 GB = 2³⁰ B.

The binary scale is used because computer memory is addressed in powers of two. 1 KiB (strictly: kibibyte) = 1,024 bytes, and this factor repeats all the way up the ladder. Manufacturers quote disk capacity in decimal (1,000-based) gigabytes to produce larger-looking numbers. Both conventions are technically valid, but mixing them causes visible confusion — such as a '1 TB' drive reporting as 931 GiB in Windows or macOS.

Practical Examples

1

1 GB equals exactly 1,073,741,824 bytes in binary terms — used by operating systems when reporting file sizes.

2

1 TB equals 1,024 GB in binary (or 1,000 GB in decimal) — the difference explains why advertised drive capacity and reported OS capacity never match.

3

A 4K Blu-ray movie takes approximately 20 GB — a useful reference for sizing a travel drive.

4

1 PB equals 1,024 TB — the scale at which large enterprises and data centers plan storage growth.

5

A smartphone photo typically ranges 2–5 MB, so 1 GB holds roughly 200–500 photos depending on resolution.

6

A 30-minute 1080p video at 10 Mbps is approximately 2.25 GB — important when estimating upload time and storage.

Frequently Asked Questions

The manufacturer uses decimal (1 TB = 10¹² bytes = 1 trillion bytes) while your operating system uses binary (1 TiB = 2⁴⁰ bytes ≈ 1.1 trillion bytes). The drive really has 1 trillion bytes — it's just being counted in the smaller binary unit, so the displayed number shrinks.